Tarea 2. Definiciones Yabeth.
CPU
A central processing
unit (CPU), also referred to as a central processor unit,[1] is the hardware
within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by
performing the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the
system. The term has been in use in the computer industry at least since the
early 1960s
The fundamental
operation of most CPUs, regardless of the physical form they take, is to
execute a sequence of stored instructions called a program. The program is
represented by a series of numbers that are kept in some kind of computer
memory. There are four steps that nearly all CPUs use in their operation:
fetch, decode, execute, and writeback
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_processing_unit
Cyberspace.
“England
writes, is “a global domain within the information environment consisting of
the interdependent network of information technology infrastructures, including
the Internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems, and embedded
processors and controllers.”
It is a far cry from the prose Gibson used in
his 1984 novel “Neuromancer” to describe cyberspace: “A graphic representation
of data abstracted from banks of every computer in the human system.
Unthinkable complexity. Lines of light ranged in the nonspace of the mind,
clusters and constellations of data. Like city lights, receding.”
Technology
Technology is the
making, modification, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques,
crafts, systems, methods of organization, in order to solve a problem, improve
a preexisting solution to a problem, achieve a goal, handle an applied
input/output relation or perform a specific function. It can also refer to the
collection of such tools, machinery, modifications, arrangements and
procedures. Technologies significantly affect human as well as other animal
species' ability to control and adapt to their natural environments. The word
technology comes from Greek τεχνολογία (technología); from τέχνη (téchnē),
meaning "art, skill, craft", and -λογία (-logía), meaning "study
of-".[1] The term can either be applied generally or to specific areas:
examples include construction technology, medical technology, and information
technology
1) The application of
science, math, engineering, art, and other fields of knowledge to create tools
and implementations deemed useful by a society.
2) Anything that has
to do with computers. Often misused by stupid people and corporations that
market to said stupid people.
During the 20th
century, humanity demonstrated that it had achieved the technology to leave its
home planet's atmosphere, land on and explore its moon, and return safely to
its homeworld.
Telecommunications
Also called
telecommunication, is the exchange of information over significant distances by
electronic means. A complete, single telecommunications circuit consists of two
stations, each equipped with a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter and
receiver at any station may be combined into a single device called a
transceiver. The medium of signal transmission can be electrical wire or cable
(also known as "copper"), optical fiber or electromagnetic fields.
The free-space transmission and reception of data by means of electromagntetic
fields is called wireless.
The simplest form of
telecommunications takes place between two stations. However, it is common for
multiple transmitting and receiving stations to exchange data among themselves.
Such an arrangement is called a telecommunications network. The Internet is the
largest example.
Informatica
Conjunto de conocimientos científicos y
técnicas que hacen posible el tratamiento automático de la información por
medio de ordenadores.
http://buscon.rae.es/drae/?type=3&val=inform%C3%A1tica&val_aux=&origen=REDRAE
Conceptualmente, se puede entender como
aquella disciplina encargada del estudio de métodos, procesos, técnicas,
desarrollos y su utilización en ordenadores (computadoras), con el fin de
almacenar, procesar y transmitir información y datos en formato digital. En
1957 Karl Steinbuch acuñó la palabra alemana Informatik en la publicación de un
documento denominado Informatik: Automatische Informationsverarbeitung
(Informática: procesamiento automático de información). En ruso, Alexander
Ivanovich Mikhailov fue el primero en utilizar informatika con el significado
de «estudio, organización, y la diseminación de la información científica», que
sigue siendo su significado en dicha lengua.[cita requerida]. En inglés, la
palabra Informatics fue acuñada independiente y casi simultáneamente por Walter
F. Bauer, en 1962, cuando Bauer cofundó la empresa denominada «Informatics
General, Inc.». Dicha empresa registró el nombre y persiguió a las
universidades que lo utilizaron, forzándolas a utilizar la alternativa computer
science. La Association for Computing Machinery, la mayor organización de
informáticos del mundo, se dirigió a Informatics General Inc. para poder
utilizar la palabra informatics en lugar de computer machinery, pero la empresa
se negó. Informatics General Inc. cesó sus actividades en 1985, pero para esa
época el nombre de computer science estaba plenamente arraigado. Actualmente
los angloparlantes utilizan el término computer science, traducido a veces como
«Ciencias de la computación», para designar tanto el estudio científico como el
aplicado; mientras que designan como information technology ( o data
processing, traducido a veces como «tecnologías de la información», al conjunto
de tecnologías que permiten el tratamiento automatizado de información.
The Internet.
Sometimes called
simply "the Net," Internet is a worldwide system of computer networks
- a network of networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have
permission, get information from any other computer (and sometimes talk
directly to users at other computers). It was conceived by the Advanced
Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. government in 1969 and was first
known as the ARPANet. The original aim was to create a network that would allow
users of a research computer at one university to be able to "talk
to" research computers at other universities. A side benefit of ARPANet's
design was that, because messages could be routed or rerouted in more than one
direction, the network could continue to function even if parts of it were
destroyed in the event of a military attack or other disaster.
Today, the Internet is
a public, cooperative, and self-sustaining facility accessible to hundreds of
millions of people worldwide. Physically, the Internet uses a portion of the
total resources of the currently existing public telecommunication networks.
Technically, what distinguishes the Internet is its use of a set of protocols
called TCP/IP (for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). Two recent
adaptations of Internet technology, the intranet and the extranet, also make
use of the TCP/IP protocol.
Realidad Virtual
Virtual reality is an artificial environment
that is created with software and presented to the user in such a way that the
user suspends belief and accepts it as a real environment. On a computer,
virtual reality is primarily experienced through two of the five senses: sight
and sound.
The simplest form of virtual reality is a 3-D image
that can be explored interactively at a personal computer, usually by
manipulating keys or the mouse so that the content of the image moves in some
direction or zooms in or out. More sophisticated efforts involve such
approaches as wrap-around display screens, actual rooms augmented with wearable
computers, and haptics devices that let you feel the display images.
The term
"artificial reality", coined by Myron Krueger, has been in use since
the 1970s; however, the origin of the term "virtual reality" can be
traced back to the French playwright, poet, actor, and director Antonin Artaud.
In his seminal book The Theatre and Its Double (1938), Artaud described theatre
as "la réalité virtuelle", a virtual reality in which, in Erik
Davis's words, "characters, objects, and images take on the phantasmagoric
force of alchemy's visionary internal dramas".[1] Artaud claimed that the
"perpetual allusion to the materials and the principle of the theater
found in almost all alchemical books should be understood as the expression of
an identity [...] existing between the world in which the characters, images,
and in a general way all that constitutes the virtual reality of the theater
develops, and the purely fictitious and illusory world in which the symbols of
alchemy are evolved"
Computador
Technically, a
computer is a programmable machine. This means it can execute a programmed list
of instructions and respond to new instructions that it is given. Today,
however, the term is most often used to refer to the desktop and laptop
computers that most people use. When referring to a desktop model, the term
"computer" technically only refers to the computer itself -- not the
monitor, keyboard, and mouse. Still, it is acceptable to refer to everything
together as the computer. If you want to be really technical, the box that
holds the computer is called the "system unit."
Some of the major
parts of a personal computer (or PC) include the motherboard, CPU, memory (or
RAM), hard drive, and video card. While personal computers are by far the most
common type of computers today, there are several other types of computers. For
example, a "minicomputer" is a
powerful computer that can support many users at once
Multimedia
The use of computers
to present text, graphics, video, animation, and sound in an integrated way.
Long touted as the future revolution in computing, multimedia applications
were, until the mid-90s, uncommon due to the expensive hardware required. With
increases in performance and decreases in price, however, multimedia is now
commonplace. Nearly all PCs are capable of displaying video, though the
resolution available depends on the power of the computer's video adapter and
CPU
Hypermedia
Hypermedia is used as
a logical extension of the term hypertext in which graphics, audio, video,
plain text and hyperlinks intertwine to create a generally non-linear medium of
information. This contrasts with the broader term multimedia, which may be used
to describe non-interactive linear presentations as well as hypermedia. It is
also related to the field of electronic literature. The term was first used in
a 1965 article by Ted Nelson.[1]
The World Wide Web is
a classic example of hypermedia, whereas a non-interactive cinema presentation
is an example of standard multimedia due to the absence of hyperlinks.
The first hypermedia
work was, arguably, the Aspen Movie Map. Atkinson's HyperCard popularized
hypermedia writing, while a variety of literary hypertext and hypertext works,
fiction and nonfiction, demonstrated the promise of links.
Wiki
Wiki is a piece of server
software that allows users to freely create and edit Web page content using any
Web browser. Wiki supports hyperlinks and has a simple text syntax for creating
new pages and crosslinks between internal pages on the fly.
Wiki is unusual among
group communication mechanisms in that it allows the organization of
contributions to be edited in addition to the content itself.
Like many simple
concepts, "open editing" has some profound and subtle effects on Wiki
usage. Allowing everyday users to create and edit any page in a Web site is
exciting in that it encourages democratic use of the Web and promotes content
composition by nontechnical users.
Microelectronica
La microelectrónica es la aplicación de la
ingeniería electrónica a componentes y circuitos de dimensiones muy pequeñas,
microscópicas y hasta de nivel molecular para producir dispositivos y equipos
electrónicos de dimensiones reducidas pero altamente funcionales.
Email
Electronic mail,
commonly referred to as email or e-mail, is a method of exchanging digital
messages from an author to one or more recipients. Modern email operates across
the Internet or other computer networks. Some early email systems required that
the author and the recipient both be online at the same time, in common with
instant messaging. Today's email systems are based on a store-and-forward
model. Email servers accept, forward, deliver and store messages. Neither the
users nor their computers are required to be online simultaneously; they need
connect only briefly, typically to an email server, for as long as it takes to
send or receive messages.
Historically, the term
electronic mail was used generically for any electronic document transmission.
For example, several writers in the early 1970s used the term to describe fax
document transmission.[2][3] As a result, it is difficult to find the first
citation for the use of the term with the more specific meaning it has today.
An Internet email
message[NB 1] consists of three components, the message envelope, the message
header, and the message body. The message header contains control information,
including, minimally, an originator's email address and one or more recipient
addresses. Usually descriptive information is also added, such as a subject
header field and a message submission date/time stamp.
Originally a text-only
(7-bit ASCII and others) communications medium, email was extended to carry
multi-media content attachments, a process standardized in RFC 2045 through
2049. Collectively, these RFCs have come to be called Multipurpose Internet
Mail Extensions (MIME).
Electronic mail
predates the inception of the Internet and was in fact a crucial tool in
creating it,[4] but the history of modern, global Internet email services
reaches back to the early ARPANET. Standards for encoding email messages were
proposed as early as 1973 (RFC 561). Conversion from ARPANET to the Internet in
the early 1980s produced the core of the current services. An email sent in the
early 1970s looks quite similar to a basic text message sent on the Internet
today.
